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1.6 Electronic Piano
============================================


In this project, we use the button widget on the SunFounder Controller as the piano keys and connect a passive buzzer to the Pico to simulate an electronic piano.


#. Build the circuit.

    |wiring_app_piano|


#. Create a new controller, note that **Single Stick** is selected.

    |sc_app_create_piano|

#. Add a **Button** widget to the **G** area, and click the **Set** button in the upper right corner to change the name.

    |sc_app_set_button|

#. Add a **Slider** widget to the **H** area and set its name, maximum, minimum and initial value.

    |sc_app_set_bpmn|

#. Add a **Button** widget in **NOPSMQR** area and change their names to **note C** ~ **note B** respectively.

    |sc_app_piano_button|


#. After saving, the effect of the remote control is shown below.


    |sc_app_piano|

#. Run ``1.6_ws_piano.py``.

    .. note::

        * Open the ``1.6_ws_piano.py`` file under the path of ``euler-kit/esp8266`` or copy this code into Thonny, then click "Run Current Script" or simply press F5 to run it.

        * Don't forget to click on the "MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico)" interpreter in the bottom right corner. 

    * For detailed tutorials, please refer to :ref:`open_run_code_py`.

#. Each time you rerun the code, you need to connect your device's Wi-Fi to ``my_esp8266``, then turn on SunFounder Controller and reconnect.
#. Now, click the **Run/Stop** button in the upper right corner. 

    * If you press the Button widget in **G** area, the buzzer will play a melody.
    * You can use the **Slider** widget in the **H** area to adjust the speed of this melody. 
    * If you press the button in NOPSMQR area separately, the passive buzzer will sound different notes, and the LED will light up and fade out when you press each button.


**How it works?**

.. code-block:: python

    led = machine.PWM(machine.Pin(15))
    led.freq(1000)
    buzzer = machine.PWM(machine.Pin(14))

Define the connection pins for the LED and buzzer, and the frequency of the LED.

.. code-block:: python

    #note 
    note = [262,294,330,349,392,440,494,523]

    #melody
    NOTE_C4 = 262
    NOTE_G3 = 196
    NOTE_A3 = 220
    NOTE_B3 = 247
    melody =[NOTE_C4,NOTE_G3,NOTE_G3,NOTE_A3,NOTE_G3,NOTE_B3,NOTE_C4]

Define the frequency of CDEFGAB and a melody here.

.. code-block:: python

    def light_led():
        global brightness
        brightness = 65535
        led.duty_u16(brightness)

The ``light_led()`` function is used to let the LED display the maximum brightness(65535).

.. code-block:: python
    
    def tone(pin,frequency):
        pin.freq(frequency)
        pin.duty_u16(30000)
        light_led()

The ``tone()`` function can generate a square wave of the specified frequency (and 50% duty cycle) on a pin, also let the LED light up.

.. code-block:: python

    def noTone(pin):
        pin.duty_u16(0)

The ``notone()`` function is used to stop the generation of a square wave triggered by ``tone()``.

.. code-block:: python

    def music_box(duration):
        for n in melody:
            tone(buzzer,n)
            time.sleep_ms(duration)
            noTone(buzzer)
            time.sleep_ms(duration)
        noTone(buzzer)

The ``music_box()`` function is to make the passive buzzer play the melody in the ``melody[]`` array with a specific beat.

.. code-block:: python

    def on_receive(data):
    
        global bpm_flag,gap,brightness
        bpm = data['H']
        bpm_flag = data['G']
        gap = 60 * 1000 / bpm
        
        # fade led
        if brightness >= 6000:
            brightness = brightness-30000
            led.duty_u16(brightness)

        # music box
        if data['G'] == True:
            music_box(int(gap/4))
            return
        
        # piano
        if data['N'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[0])
        elif data['O'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[1])
        elif data['P'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[2])
        elif data['S'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[3])
        elif data['M'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[4])
        elif data['Q'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[5])
        elif data['R'] == True:
            tone(buzzer,note[6])
        else:
            noTone(buzzer)
            
        
    ws.on_receive = on_receive

Here, the ``on_receive()`` function can be divided into 3 parts.

* **fade led**: Make the LED light up and then turn off after an intermediate brightness.
* **music box**: When the button widget in the G area is pressed, the buzzer plays the melody in the ``melody[]`` array in 1/4 beats.
* **piano**: When the buttons in NOPSMQR area are pressed separately, the passive buzzer will play different notes.