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.. _py_guess_number:


7.7 Guess Number
==============================


Guessing Numbers is a fun party game where you and your friends input numbers (0-99). With each input of the number, the range will shrink until a player answers the riddle correctly. Then the player is defeated and punished. 

As an example, if the lucky number is 51, which the players cannot see, and the player 1 inputs 50, the prompt changes to 50 - 99; if the player 2 inputs 70, the range changes to 50 - 70; if the player 3 inputs 51, the player is unlucky. In this case, numbers are inputted through the keypad, and outcomes are displayed on a LCD screen.


**Schematic**


|sch_guess_number|

This circuit is based on :ref:`py_keypad` with the addition of an I2C LCD1602 to display the pressed keys.


**Wiring**

|wiring_game_guess_number| 

To make the wiring easier, in the above diagram, the column row of the matrix keyboard and the 10K resistors are inserted into the holes where G10 ~ G13 are located at the same time.


**Code**

.. note::

    * Open the ``7.7_game_guess_number.py`` file under the path of ``euler-kit/micropython`` or copy this code into Thonny, then click "Run Current Script" or simply press F5 to run it.

    * Don't forget to click on the "MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico)" interpreter in the bottom right corner. 

    * For detailed tutorials, please refer to :ref:`open_run_code_py`.

.. code-block:: python

    from lcd1602 import LCD
    import machine
    import time
    import urandom


    # keypad function
    characters = [["1","2","3","A"],["4","5","6","B"],["7","8","9","C"],["*","0","#","D"]]

    pin = [21,20,19,18]
    row = []
    for i in range(4):
        row.append(None)
        row[i] = machine.Pin(pin[i], machine.Pin.OUT)

    pin = [13,12,11,10]
    col = []
    for i in range(4):
        col.append(None)
        col[i] = machine.Pin(pin[i], machine.Pin.IN)

    def readKey():
        key = []
        for i in range(4):
            row[i].high()
            for j in range(4):
                if(col[j].value() == 1):
                    key.append(characters[i][j])
            row[i].low()
        if key == [] :
            return None
        else:
            return key

    # init/reset number
    # reset the result as False for lcd show
    def init_new_value():
    global pointValue,upper,count,lower
    pointValue = int(urandom.uniform(0, 99))
    print(pointValue)
    upper = 99
    lower = 0
    count = 0
    return False


    # lcd show message
    # If target, show game over.
    # If not target, or not detected, show guess number.
    def lcd_show(result):
        lcd.clear()
        if result == True: 
            string ="GAME OVER!\n"
            string +="Point is "+ str(pointValue)
        else : 
            string ="Enter number: " + str(count) +"\n"
            string += str(lower)+ " < Point < " + str(upper)
        lcd.message(string)
        return  

    # detect number & reflesh show message 
    # if not target, reflesh number (upper or lower) and return False
    # if target, return True 
    def number_processing():
        global upper,count,lower
        if count > pointValue:
            if count < upper:
                upper = count
        elif count < pointValue:
            if count > lower:
                lower = count
        elif count == pointValue:
            return True
        count = 0
        return False 

    ## start
    lcd = LCD()
    string = "Welcome!\n"
    string = "Press A to Start!"
    lcd.message(string)
    result=init_new_value()

    # read key & display
    last_key = None
    while True:
        current_key = readKey()
        if current_key == last_key:
            continue
        last_key = current_key
        if current_key != None:
            # print(current_key)
            if current_key ==["A"]: # reset number
                result=init_new_value() 
            elif current_key==["D"]: # check
                result=number_processing()
            elif current_key[0] in list(["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","0"]) and count < 10: #check validity & limit digits
                count = count * 10 + int(current_key[0])
            lcd_show(result) # show 
        time.sleep(0.1)

* After the code runs, press ``A`` to start the game. A random number ``point`` is produced but not displayed on the LCD, and what you need to do is to guess it. 
* The number you have typed appears at the end of the first line till the final calculation is finished. (Press ``D`` to start the comparation.)
* The number range of ``point`` is displayed on the second line. And you must type the number within the range. 
* When you type a number, the range narrows; if you got the lucky number luckily or unluckily, there will appear ``GAME OVER!``.

.. note:: 
    If the code and wiring are fine, but the LCD still does not display content, you can turn the potentiometer on the back to increase the contrast.