.. note:: Hello, welcome to the SunFounder Raspberry Pi & Arduino & ESP32 Enthusiasts Community on Facebook! Dive deeper into Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 with fellow enthusiasts. **Why Join?** - **Expert Support**: Solve post-sale issues and technical challenges with help from our community and team. - **Learn & Share**: Exchange tips and tutorials to enhance your skills. - **Exclusive Previews**: Get early access to new product announcements and sneak peeks. - **Special Discounts**: Enjoy exclusive discounts on our newest products. - **Festive Promotions and Giveaways**: Take part in giveaways and holiday promotions. 👉 Ready to explore and create with us? Click [|link_sf_facebook|] and join today! .. _py_guess_number: 7.7 Guess Number ============================== Guessing Numbers is a fun party game where you and your friends input numbers (0-99). With each input of the number, the range will shrink until a player answers the riddle correctly. Then the player is defeated and punished. As an example, if the lucky number is 51, which the players cannot see, and the player 1 inputs 50, the prompt changes to 50 - 99; if the player 2 inputs 70, the range changes to 50 - 70; if the player 3 inputs 51, the player is unlucky. In this case, numbers are inputted through the keypad, and outcomes are displayed on a LCD screen. |guess_number| **Required Components** In this project, we need the following components. It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link: .. list-table:: :widths: 20 20 20 :header-rows: 1 * - Name - ITEMS IN THIS KIT - LINK * - Kepler Kit - 450+ - |link_kepler_kit| You can also buy them separately from the links below. .. list-table:: :widths: 5 20 5 20 :header-rows: 1 * - SN - COMPONENT - QUANTITY - LINK * - 1 - :ref:`cpn_pico_w` - 1 - |link_picow_buy| * - 2 - Micro USB Cable - 1 - * - 3 - :ref:`cpn_breadboard` - 1 - |link_breadboard_buy| * - 4 - :ref:`cpn_wire` - Several - |link_wires_buy| * - 5 - :ref:`cpn_resistor` - 4(10KΩ) - |link_resistor_buy| * - 6 - :ref:`cpn_keypad` - 1 - |link_keypad_buy| * - 7 - :ref:`cpn_i2c_lcd` - 1 - |link_i2clcd1602_buy| **Schematic** |sch_guess_number| This circuit is based on :ref:`py_keypad` with the addition of an I2C LCD1602 to display the pressed keys. **Wiring** |wiring_game_guess_number| To make the wiring easier, in the above diagram, the column row of the matrix keyboard and the 10K resistors are inserted into the holes where G10 ~ G13 are located at the same time. **Code** .. note:: * Open the ``7.7_game_guess_number.py`` file under the path of ``kepler-kit-main/micropython`` or copy this code into Thonny, then click "Run Current Script" or simply press F5 to run it. * Don't forget to click on the "MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico)" interpreter in the bottom right corner. * For detailed tutorials, please refer to :ref:`open_run_code_py`. .. code-block:: python from lcd1602 import LCD from machine import I2C, Pin import time import urandom # Initialize I2C communication for the LCD1602 display i2c = I2C(1, sda=Pin(6), scl=Pin(7), freq=400000) # Create an LCD object for controlling the LCD1602 display lcd = LCD(i2c) # Keypad character mapping for a 4x4 matrix keypad characters = [["1", "2", "3", "A"], ["4", "5", "6", "B"], ["7", "8", "9", "C"], ["*", "0", "#", "D"]] # Define row pins for the keypad pin = [21, 20, 19, 18] row = [] for i in range(4): row.append(None) row[i] = machine.Pin(pin[i], machine.Pin.OUT) # Set row pins as output # Define column pins for the keypad pin = [13, 12, 11, 10] col = [] for i in range(4): col.append(None) col[i] = machine.Pin(pin[i], machine.Pin.IN) # Set column pins as input # Function to read a key from the keypad def readKey(): key = [] for i in range(4): row[i].high() # Set the row pin high for j in range(4): if col[j].value() == 1: # Check if any column is pressed key.append(characters[i][j]) # Record the corresponding key row[i].low() # Set the row pin low if key == []: return None # Return None if no key is pressed else: return key # Return the pressed key # Initialize and reset the game variables (random pointValue, upper/lower limits) def init_new_value(): global pointValue, upper, count, lower pointValue = int(urandom.uniform(0, 99)) # Generate a random number between 0 and 99 print(pointValue) # Print the target number (for debugging) upper = 99 # Set initial upper bound lower = 0 # Set initial lower bound count = 0 # Reset the player's guess count return False # Indicate that the game has not ended # Function to display the game information on the LCD # If the player has guessed correctly, show "GAME OVER" # Otherwise, show the current guess and range def lcd_show(result): lcd.clear() # Clear the LCD display if result == True: # If the player guessed correctly string = "GAME OVER!\n" string += "Point is " + str(pointValue) # Display the correct number else: string = "Enter number: " + str(count) + "\n" # Show the player's current guess string += str(lower) + " < Point < " + str(upper) # Show the range of possible values lcd.message(string) # Send the string to the LCD return # Process the player's guess and update the upper or lower bound # If the guess matches the pointValue, return True to indicate the game is over # Otherwise, update the bounds and return False def number_processing(): global upper, count, lower if count > pointValue: if count < upper: upper = count # Update the upper bound if the guess is too high elif count < pointValue: if count > lower: lower = count # Update the lower bound if the guess is too low elif count == pointValue: return True # Return True if the guess matches the pointValue count = 0 # Reset the guess count for the next attempt return False ## Main game setup and loop # Display a welcome message and prompt the user to press 'A' to start string = "Press A to Start!" lcd.message(string) result = init_new_value() # Initialize game variables # Main loop to handle keypad input and update the display last_key = None while True: current_key = readKey() # Read the current key pressed if current_key == last_key: continue # Skip processing if the same key is still pressed last_key = current_key # Update the last pressed key if current_key != None: # If 'A' is pressed, restart the game with a new target number if current_key == ["A"]: result = init_new_value() # If 'D' is pressed, check if the current guess is correct elif current_key == ["D"]: result = number_processing() # If a number is pressed and the count is less than 10 digits elif current_key[0] in list("1234567890") and count < 10: count = count * 10 + int(current_key[0]) # Add the digit to the current guess lcd_show(result) # Update the LCD with the current game state time.sleep(0.1) # Small delay for key debounce * After the code runs, press ``A`` to start the game. A random number ``point`` is produced but not displayed on the LCD, and what you need to do is to guess it. * The number you have typed appears at the end of the first line till the final calculation is finished. (Press ``D`` to start the comparation.) * The number range of ``point`` is displayed on the second line. And you must type the number within the range. * When you type a number, the range narrows; if you got the lucky number luckily or unluckily, there will appear ``GAME OVER!``. .. note:: If the code and wiring are fine, but the LCD still does not display content, you can turn the potentiometer on the back to increase the contrast.