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.. _2.1.9_c:

2.1.9 Joystick
===================

Introduction
------------

In this project, We're going to learn how joystick works. We manipulate
the Joystick and display the results on the screen.

Required Components
------------------------------

In this project, we need the following components. 

.. image:: ../img/image317.png

It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link: 

.. list-table::
    :widths: 20 20 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - Name	
        - ITEMS IN THIS KIT
        - LINK
    *   - Raphael Kit
        - 337
        - |link_Raphael_kit|

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

.. list-table::
    :widths: 30 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
        - PURCHASE LINK

    *   - :ref:`cpn_gpio_extension_board`
        - |link_gpio_board_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
        - |link_breadboard_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_wires`
        - |link_wires_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
        - |link_resistor_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_joystick`
        - \-
    *   - :ref:`cpn_adc0834`
        - \-

Schematic Diagram
-----------------

When the data of joystick is read, there are some differents between
axis: data of X and Y axis is analog, which need to use ADC0834 to
convert the analog value to digital value. Data of Z axis is digital, so
you can directly use the GPIO to read, or you can also use ADC to read.

.. image:: ../img/image319.png


.. image:: ../img/image320.png


Experimental Procedures
-----------------------

**Step 1:** Build the circuit.

.. image:: ../img/image193.png

**Step 2:** Go to the folder of the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    cd ~/raphael-kit/c/2.1.9/

**Step 3:** Compile the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    gcc 2.1.9_Joystick.c -lwiringPi

**Step 4:** Run the executable file.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    sudo ./a.out

After the code runs, turn the Joystick, then the corresponding values of
x, y, Btn are displayed on screen.


.. note::

    If it does not work after running, or there is an error prompt: \"wiringPi.h: No such file or directory\", please refer to :ref:`install_wiringpi`.

**Code**

.. code-block:: c

    #include <wiringPi.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <softPwm.h>

    typedef unsigned char uchar;
    typedef unsigned int uint;

    #define     ADC_CS    0
    #define     ADC_CLK   1
    #define     ADC_DIO   2
    #define     BtnPin    3

    uchar get_ADC_Result(uint channel)
    {
        uchar i;
        uchar dat1=0, dat2=0;
        int sel = channel > 1 & 1;
        int odd = channel & 1;

        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK, 1);
        delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK, 0);
        delayMicroseconds(2);

        pinMode(ADC_DIO, OUTPUT);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CS, 0);
        // Start bit
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        //Single End mode
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        // ODD
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,odd);  delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        //Select
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,sel);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        for(i=0;i<8;i++)
        {
            digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
            digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);    delayMicroseconds(2);
            pinMode(ADC_DIO, INPUT);
            dat1=dat1<<1 | digitalRead(ADC_DIO);
        }
        for(i=0;i<8;i++)
        {
            dat2 = dat2 | ((uchar)(digitalRead(ADC_DIO))<<i);
            digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
            digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        }
        digitalWrite(ADC_CS,1);
        pinMode(ADC_DIO, OUTPUT);
        return(dat1==dat2) ? dat1 : 0;
    }
    int main(void)
    {
        uchar x_val;
        uchar y_val;
        uchar btn_val;
        if(wiringPiSetup() == -1){ //when initialize wiring failed,print messageto screen
            printf("setup wiringPi failed !");
            return 1;
        }
        pinMode(BtnPin,  INPUT);
        pullUpDnControl(BtnPin, PUD_UP);
        pinMode(ADC_CS,  OUTPUT);
        pinMode(ADC_CLK, OUTPUT);

        while(1){
            x_val = get_ADC_Result(0);
            y_val = get_ADC_Result(1);
            btn_val = digitalRead(BtnPin);
            printf("x = %d, y = %d, btn = %d\n", x_val, y_val, btn_val);
            delay(100);
        }
        return 0;
    }

**Code Explanation**

.. code-block:: c

    uchar get_ADC_Result(uint channel)
    {
        uchar i;
        uchar dat1=0, dat2=0;
        int sel = channel > 1 & 1;
        int odd = channel & 1;
        pinMode(ADC_DIO, OUTPUT);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CS, 0);
        // Start bit
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        //Single End mode
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,0);
        digitalWrite(ADC_DIO,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        digitalWrite(ADC_CLK,1);    delayMicroseconds(2);
        ......

The working process of the function is detailed in 2.1.7 Potentiometer.

.. code-block:: c

    while(1){
            x_val = get_ADC_Result(0);
            y_val = get_ADC_Result(1);
            btn_val = digitalRead(BtnPin);
            printf("x = %d, y = %d, btn = %d\n", x_val, y_val, btn_val);
            delay(100);
        }

VRX and VRY of Joystick are connected to CH0, CH1 of ADC0834
respectively. So the function getResult() is called to read the values
of CH0 and CH1. Then the read values should be stored in the variables
x_val and y_val. In addition, read the value of SW of joystick and store
it into the variable Btn_val. Finally, the values of x_val, y_val and
Btn_val shall be printed with print() function.

Phenomenon Picture
------------------

.. image:: ../img/image194.jpeg