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.. _4.1.16_py:

4.1.16 Morse Code Generator
===================================

Introduction
-----------------

In this project, we'll make a Morse code generator, where you type in a
series of English letters in the Raspberry Pi to make it appear as Morse
code.

Required Components
------------------------------

In this project, we need the following components.

.. image:: ../img/list_Morse_Code_Generator.png
    :align: center

It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link: 

.. list-table::
    :widths: 20 20 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - Name	
        - ITEMS IN THIS KIT
        - LINK
    *   - Raphael Kit
        - 337
        - |link_Raphael_kit|

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

.. list-table::
    :widths: 30 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
        - PURCHASE LINK

    *   - :ref:`cpn_gpio_extension_board`
        - |link_gpio_board_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
        - |link_breadboard_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_wires`
        - |link_wires_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
        - |link_resistor_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_led`
        - |link_led_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_buzzer`
        - \-
    *   - :ref:`cpn_transistor`
        - |link_transistor_buy|

Schematic Diagram
-----------------------

============ ======== ======== ===
T-Board Name physical wiringPi BCM
GPIO17       Pin 11   0        17
GPIO22       Pin 15   3        22
============ ======== ======== ===

.. image:: ../img/Schematic_three_one11.png
   :align: center

Experimental Procedures
----------------------------

**Step 1:** Build the circuit. (Pay attention to poles of the buzzer:
The one with + label is the positive pole and the other is the
negative.)

.. image:: ../img/image269.png

**Step 2**: Open the code file.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    cd ~/raphael-kit/python

**Step 3**: Run.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    sudo python3 4.1.16_MorseCodeGenerator.py

After the program runs, type a series of characters, and the buzzer and
the LED will send the corresponding Morse code signals.

**Code**

.. code-block:: python

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
    import time

    BeepPin=22
    ALedPin=17

    MORSECODE = {
        'A':'01', 'B':'1000', 'C':'1010', 'D':'100', 'E':'0', 'F':'0010', 'G':'110',
        'H':'0000', 'I':'00', 'J':'0111', 'K':'101', 'L':'0100', 'M':'11', 'N':'10',
        'O':'111', 'P':'0110', 'Q':'1101', 'R':'010', 'S':'000', 'T':'1',
        'U':'001', 'V':'0001', 'W':'011', 'X':'1001', 'Y':'1011', 'Z':'1100',
        '1':'01111', '2':'00111', '3':'00011', '4':'00001', '5':'00000',
        '6':'10000', '7':'11000', '8':'11100', '9':'11110', '0':'11111',
        '?':'001100', '/':'10010', ',':'110011', '.':'010101', ';':'101010',
        '!':'101011', '@':'011010', ':':'111000',
        }

    def setup():
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
        GPIO.setup(BeepPin, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.setup(ALedPin,GPIO.OUT,initial=GPIO.LOW)

    def on():
        GPIO.output(BeepPin, 1)
        GPIO.output(ALedPin, 1)

    def off():
        GPIO.output(BeepPin, 0)
        GPIO.output(ALedPin, 0)

    def beep(dt):	# dt for delay time.
        on()
        time.sleep(dt)
        off()
        time.sleep(dt)

    def morsecode(code):
        pause = 0.25
        for letter in code:
            for tap in MORSECODE[letter]:
                if tap == '0':
                    beep(pause/2)
                if tap == '1':
                    beep(pause)
            time.sleep(pause)

    def main():
        while True:
            code=input("Please input the messenger:")
            code = code.upper()
            print(code)
            morsecode(code)

    def destroy():
        print("")
        GPIO.output(BeepPin, GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.output(ALedPin, GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.cleanup()  

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        setup()
        try:
            main()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            destroy()

**Code Explanation**

.. code-block:: python

    MORSECODE = {
        'A':'01', 'B':'1000', 'C':'1010', 'D':'100', 'E':'0', 'F':'0010', 'G':'110',
        'H':'0000', 'I':'00', 'J':'0111', 'K':'101', 'L':'0100', 'M':'11', 'N':'10',
        'O':'111', 'P':'0110', 'Q':'1101', 'R':'010', 'S':'000', 'T':'1',
        'U':'001', 'V':'0001', 'W':'011', 'X':'1001', 'Y':'1011', 'Z':'1100',
        '1':'01111', '2':'00111', '3':'00011', '4':'00001', '5':'00000',
        '6':'10000', '7':'11000', '8':'11100', '9':'11110', '0':'11111',
        '?':'001100', '/':'10010', ',':'110011', '.':'010101', ';':'101010',
        '!':'101011', '@':'011010', ':':'111000',
        }

This structure MORSE is the dictionary of the Morse code, containing
characters A-Z, numbers 0-9 and marks “?” “/” “:” “,” “.” “;” “!” “@” .

.. code-block:: python

    def on():
        GPIO.output(BeepPin, 1)
        GPIO.output(ALedPin, 1)

The function ``on()`` starts the buzzer and the LED.

.. code-block:: python

    def off():
        GPIO.output(BeepPin, 0)
        GPIO.output(ALedPin, 0)

The function ``off()`` is used to turn off the buzzer and the LED.

.. code-block:: python

    def beep(dt):   # x for dalay time.
        on()
        time.sleep(dt)
        off()
        time.sleep(dt)

Define a function ``beep()`` to make the buzzer and the LED emit sounds and
blink in a certain interval of ``dt``.

.. code-block:: python

    def morsecode(code):
        pause = 0.25
        for letter in code:
            for tap in MORSECODE[letter]:
                if tap == '0':
                    beep(pause/2)
                if tap == '1':
                    beep(pause)
            time.sleep(pause)

The function ``morsecode()`` is used to process the Morse code of input
characters by making the “1” of the code keep emitting sounds or lights
and the “0”shortly emit sounds or lights, ex., input “SOS”, and there
will be a signal containing three short three long and then three short
segments “ · · · - - - · · · ”.

.. code-block:: python

    def main():
        while True:
            code=input("Please input the messenger:")
            code = code.upper()
            print(code)
            morsecode(code)

When you type the relevant characters with the keyboard, ``upper()`` will
convert the input letters to their capital form.

``printf()`` then prints the clear text on the computer screen, and the
``morsecod()`` function causes the buzzer and the LED to emit Morse code.


Phenomenon Picture
-----------------------

.. image:: ../img/image270.jpeg
   :align: center