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.. _4.1.2_py:
4.1.2 Music Player
==============================
Introduction
-----------------
In project :ref:`3.1.3_py`, let speaker play a song. Now we add 3 buttons to control the play/pause and volume of the music.
Required Components
------------------------------
In this project, we need the following components.
.. image:: ../img/musicplayer_list.png
:width: 800
:align: center
It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link:
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Name
- ITEMS IN THIS KIT
- LINK
* - Raphael Kit
- 337
- |link_Raphael_kit|
You can also buy them separately from the links below.
.. list-table::
:widths: 30 20
:header-rows: 1
* - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
- PURCHASE LINK
* - :ref:`cpn_gpio_extension_board`
- |link_gpio_board_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
- |link_breadboard_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_wires`
- |link_wires_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
- |link_resistor_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_audio_speaker`
- \-
* - :ref:`cpn_button`
- |link_button_buy|
Schematic Diagram
-----------------------
============ ======== ======== ===
T-Board Name physical wiringPi BCM
GPIO17 Pin 11 0 17
GPIO18 Pin 12 1 18
GPIO27 Pin 13 2 27
============ ======== ======== ===
.. image:: ../img/3.1.16_schematic.png
:width: 600
:align: center
Experimental Procedures
------------------------------
**Step 1:** Build the circuit.
.. image:: ../img/3.1.16fritzing.png
:width: 800
:align: center
After building the circuit according to the above diagram, then plug the audio cable into the Raspberry Pi’s 3.5mm audio jack.
.. image:: ../img/audio4.png
:width: 400
:align: center
**Step 2:** Get into the folder of the code.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
cd ~/raphael-kit/python/
**Step 3:** Run.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
python3 4.1.2_MusicPlayer.py
After the code runs, Raspberry Pi will play the ``my_music.mp3`` file in the ``~/raphael-kit/music`` directory.
* Button 1 pauses/play the music.
* Button 2 decreases the volume.
* Button 3 increases the volume.
If you want to upload other music files to Raspberry Pi, you can refer to :ref:`filezilla`.
**Code**
.. note::
You can **Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop** the code below. But before that, you need to go to source code path like ``raphael-kit/python``. After modifying the code, you can run it directly to see the effect.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block:: python
from pygame import mixer
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import os
user = os.getlogin()
user_home = os.path.expanduser(f'~{user}')
BtnPin1 = 18
BtnPin2 = 17
BtnPin3 = 27
volume = 0.7
status = False
upPressed = False
downPressed = False
playPressed = False
def setup():
mixer.init()
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(BtnPin1, GPIO.IN, GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(BtnPin2, GPIO.IN, GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(BtnPin3, GPIO.IN, GPIO.PUD_UP)
def clip(x,min,max):
if x < min:
return min
elif x > max:
return max
return x
def play(pin):
global playPressed
playPressed = True
def volDown(pin):
global downPressed
downPressed = True
def volUp(pin):
global upPressed
upPressed = True
def main():
global volume, status
global downPressed, upPressed, playPressed
mixer.music.load(f'{user_home}/raphael-kit/music/my_music.mp3')
mixer.music.set_volume(volume)
mixer.music.play()
GPIO.add_event_detect(BtnPin1, GPIO.FALLING, callback=play)
GPIO.add_event_detect(BtnPin2, GPIO.FALLING, callback=volDown)
GPIO.add_event_detect(BtnPin3, GPIO.FALLING, callback=volUp)
while True:
if upPressed:
volume = volume + 0.1
upPressed = False
if downPressed:
volume = volume - 0.1
downPressed = False
if playPressed:
if status:
mixer.music.pause()
status = not status
else:
mixer.music.unpause()
status = not status
playPressed = False
time.sleep(0.5)
volume = clip(volume,0.2,1)
mixer.music.set_volume(volume)
time.sleep(0.1)
def destroy():
# Release resource
GPIO.cleanup()
mixer.music.stop()
# If run this script directly, do:
if __name__ == '__main__':
setup()
try:
main()
# When 'Ctrl+C' is pressed, the program
# destroy() will be executed.
except KeyboardInterrupt:
destroy()
**Code Explanation**
.. code-block:: python
from pygame import mixer
mixer.init()
Import the ``Mixer`` method in the ``pygame`` library and initialize the method.
.. code-block:: python
BtnPin1 = 18
BtnPin2 = 17
BtnPin3 = 27
volume = 0.7
Define the pin ports of the three buttons and set the initial volume to 0.7.
.. code-block:: python
upPressed = False
downPressed = False
playPressed = False
``UpPressed``, ``downPressed`` and ``playPressed`` are all interrupt flags, the corresponding task will be executed When they are ``True``.
.. code-block:: python
def clip(x,min,max):
if x < min:
return min
elif x > max:
return max
return x
The ``clip()`` function is used to set the upper and lower limits of input parameters.
.. code-block:: python
GPIO.add_event_detect(BtnPin1, GPIO.FALLING, callback=play)
GPIO.add_event_detect(BtnPin2, GPIO.FALLING, callback=volDown)
GPIO.add_event_detect(BtnPin3, GPIO.FALLING, callback=volUp)
Set the key detection events of ``BtnPin1``, ``BtnPin2`` and ``BtnPin3``.
* When ``BtnPin1`` is pressed, the interrupt function ``play()`` is executed.
* when ``BtnPin2`` is pressed, the interrupt function ``volDown()`` is executed.
* When ``BtnPin3`` is pressed, the interrupt function ``volUp()`` is executed.
Phenomenon Picture
------------------------
.. image:: ../img/4.1.2musicplayer.JPG
:align: center