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.. _4.1.7_py:

4.1.7 Counting Device
=========================================

Introduction
-----------------

Here we will make a number-displaying counter system, consisting of a
PIR sensor and a 4-digit segment display. When the PIR detects that
someone is passing by, the number on the 4-digit segment display will
add 1. You can use this counter to count the number of people walking 
through the passageway.

Required Components
------------------------------

In this project, we need the following components.

.. image:: ../img/list_Counting_Device1.png
    :align: center

.. image:: ../img/list_Counting_Device2.png
    :align: center

It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link: 

.. list-table::
    :widths: 20 20 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - Name	
        - ITEMS IN THIS KIT
        - LINK
    *   - Raphael Kit
        - 337
        - |link_Raphael_kit|

You can also buy them separately from the links below.

.. list-table::
    :widths: 30 20
    :header-rows: 1

    *   - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
        - PURCHASE LINK

    *   - :ref:`cpn_gpio_extension_board`
        - |link_gpio_board_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
        - |link_breadboard_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_wires`
        - |link_wires_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
        - |link_resistor_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_4_digit`
        - \-
    *   - :ref:`cpn_74hc595`
        - |link_74hc595_buy|
    *   - :ref:`cpn_pir`
        - \-


Schematic Diagram
----------------------

============ ======== ======== ===
T-Board Name physical wiringPi BCM
GPIO17       Pin 11   0        17
GPIO27       Pin 13   2        27
GPIO22       Pin 15   3        22
SPIMOSI      Pin 19   12       10
GPIO18       Pin 12   1        18
GPIO23       Pin 16   4        23
GPIO24       Pin 18   5        24
GPIO26       Pin 37   25       26
============ ======== ======== ===

.. image:: ../img/Schematic_three_one1.png
   :align: center

Experimental Procedures
-----------------------------

**Step 1**: Build the circuit.

.. image:: ../img/image235.png


**Step 2**: Go to the folder of the code.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    cd ~/raphael-kit/python/

**Step 3**: Run the executable file.

.. raw:: html

   <run></run>

.. code-block::

    sudo python3 4.1.7_CountingDevice.py

After the code runs, when the PIR detects that someone is passing by,
the number on the 4-digit segment display will add 1.

There are two potentiometers on the PIR module: one is to adjust sensitivity and the other is to adjust the detection distance. To make the PIR module work better, you You need to turn both of them counterclockwise to the end.

.. image:: ../img/PIR_TTE.png
    :width: 400
    :align: center

**Code**

.. note::
    You can **Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop** the code below. But before that, you need to go to  source code path like ``raphael-kit/python``. After modifying the code, you can run it directly to see the effect.

.. raw:: html

    <run></run>

.. code-block:: python

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
    import time

    sensorPin = 26

    SDI = 24
    RCLK = 23
    SRCLK = 18

    placePin = (10, 22, 27, 17)
    number = (0xc0, 0xf9, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xf8, 0x80, 0x90)

    counter = 0

    def clearDisplay():
        for i in range(8):
            GPIO.output(SDI, 1)
            GPIO.output(SRCLK, GPIO.HIGH)
            GPIO.output(SRCLK, GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.output(RCLK, GPIO.HIGH)
        GPIO.output(RCLK, GPIO.LOW)    

    def hc595_shift(data): 
        for i in range(8):
            GPIO.output(SDI, 0x80 & (data << i))
            GPIO.output(SRCLK, GPIO.HIGH)
            GPIO.output(SRCLK, GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.output(RCLK, GPIO.HIGH)
        GPIO.output(RCLK, GPIO.LOW)

    def pickDigit(digit):
        for i in placePin:
            GPIO.output(i,GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.output(placePin[digit], GPIO.HIGH)

    def display():
        global counter                    
        clearDisplay() 
        pickDigit(0)  
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 10])

        clearDisplay()
        pickDigit(1)
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 100//10])

        clearDisplay()
        pickDigit(2)
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 1000//100])

        clearDisplay()
        pickDigit(3)
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 10000//1000])

    def loop():
        global counter
        currentState = 0
        lastState = 0
        while True:
            display()
            currentState=GPIO.input(sensorPin)
            if (currentState == 0) and (lastState == 1):
                counter +=1
            lastState=currentState

    def setup():
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
        GPIO.setup(SDI, GPIO.OUT)
        GPIO.setup(RCLK, GPIO.OUT)
        GPIO.setup(SRCLK, GPIO.OUT)
        for i in placePin:
            GPIO.setup(i, GPIO.OUT)
        GPIO.setup(sensorPin, GPIO.IN)

    def destroy():   # When "Ctrl+C" is pressed, the function is executed.
        GPIO.cleanup()

    if __name__ == '__main__':  # Program starting from here
        setup()
        try:
            loop()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            destroy()

**Code Explanation**

Based on :ref:`1.1.5_py`, this project adds **PIR
module** to change the automatic counting into count
detecting. When the PIR detects that someone is passing by, the number
on the 4-digit segment display will add 1.

.. code-block:: python

    def display():
        global counter                    
        clearDisplay() 
        pickDigit(0)  
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 10])

        clearDisplay()
        pickDigit(1)
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 100//10])

        clearDisplay()
        pickDigit(2)
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 1000//100])

        clearDisplay()
        pickDigit(3)
        hc595_shift(number[counter % 10000//1000])

First, start the fourth segment display, write the single-digit number.
Then start the third segment display, and type in the tens digit; after
that, start the second and the first segment display respectively, and
write the hundreds and thousands digits respectively. Because the
refreshing speed is very fast, we see a complete four-digit display.

.. code-block:: python

    def loop():
    global counter
        currentState = 0
        lastState = 0
        while True:
            display()
            currentState=GPIO.input(sensorPin)
            if (currentState == 0) and (lastState == 1):
                counter +=1
            lastState=currentState 

This is the main function: display the number on the 4-digit segment
display and read the PIR value. When the PIR detects that someone is
passing by, the number on the 4-digit segment display will add 1.

Phenomenon Picture
-------------------------

.. image:: ../img/image236.jpeg
   :align: center