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.. _4.1.8_py:
4.1.8 Welcome
=====================================
Introduction
-------------
In this project, we will use PIR to sense the movement of pedestrians,
and use servos, LED, buzzer to simulate the work of the sensor door of
the convenience store. When the pedestrian appears within the sensing
range of the PIR, the indicator light will be on, the door will be
opened, and the buzzer will play the opening bell.
Required Components
------------------------------
In this project, we need the following components.
.. image:: ../img/list_Welcome.png
:align: center
It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link:
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Name
- ITEMS IN THIS KIT
- LINK
* - Raphael Kit
- 337
- |link_Raphael_kit|
You can also buy them separately from the links below.
.. list-table::
:widths: 30 20
:header-rows: 1
* - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
- PURCHASE LINK
* - :ref:`cpn_gpio_extension_board`
- |link_gpio_board_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
- |link_breadboard_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_wires`
- |link_wires_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
- |link_resistor_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_led`
- |link_led_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_pir`
- \-
* - :ref:`cpn_servo`
- |link_servo_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_buzzer`
- |link_passive_buzzer_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_transistor`
- |link_transistor_buy|
Schematic Diagram
-------------------
============ ======== ======== ===
T-Board Name physical wiringPi BCM
GPIO18 Pin 12 1 18
GPIO17 Pin 11 0 17
GPIO27 Pin 13 2 27
GPIO22 Pin 15 3 22
============ ======== ======== ===
.. image:: ../img/Schematic_three_one2.png
:align: center
Experimental Procedures
-------------------------
**Step 1:** Build the circuit.
.. image:: ../img/image239.png
:align: center
**Step 2:** Change directory.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
cd ~/raphael-kit/python/
**Step 3:** Run.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
sudo python3 4.1.8_Welcome.py
After the code runs, if the PIR sensor detects someone passing by, the
door will automatically open (simulated by the servo), turn on the
indicator and play the doorbell music. After the doorbell music plays,
the system will automatically close the door and turn off the indicator
light, waiting for the next time someone passes by.
There are two potentiometers on the PIR module: one is to adjust sensitivity and the other is to adjust the detection distance. To make the PIR module work better, you You need to turn both of them counterclockwise to the end.
.. image:: ../img/PIR_TTE.png
:width: 400
:align: center
**Code**
.. note::
You can **Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop** the code below. But before that, you need to go to source code path like ``raphael-kit/python``. After modifying the code, you can run it directly to see the effect.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block:: python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
SERVO_MIN_PULSE = 500
SERVO_MAX_PULSE = 2500
ledPin = 18 # define the ledPin
pirPin = 17 # define the sensorPin
servoPin = 22 # define the servoPin
buzPin = 27 # define the buzzerpin
CL = [0, 131, 147, 165, 175, 196, 211, 248] # Frequency of Low C notes
CM = [0, 262, 294, 330, 350, 393, 441, 495] # Frequency of Middle C notes
CH = [0, 525, 589, 661, 700, 786, 882, 990] # Frequency of High C notes
song = [ CH[5],CH[2],CM[6],CH[2],CH[3],CH[6],CH[3],CH[5],CH[3],CM[6],CH[2] ]
beat = [ 1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,]
def setup():
global p
global Buzz # Assign a global variable to replace GPIO.PWM
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) # Numbers GPIOs by physical location
GPIO.setup(ledPin, GPIO.OUT) # Set ledPin's mode is output
GPIO.setup(pirPin, GPIO.IN) # Set sensorPin's mode is input
GPIO.setup(servoPin, GPIO.OUT) # Set servoPin's mode is output
GPIO.output(servoPin, GPIO.LOW) # Set servoPin to low
GPIO.setup(buzPin, GPIO.OUT) # Set pins' mode is output
Buzz = GPIO.PWM(buzPin, 440) # 440 is initial frequency.
Buzz.start(50) # Start Buzzer pin with 50% duty ration
p = GPIO.PWM(servoPin, 50) # set Frequece to 50Hz
p.start(0) # Duty Cycle = 0
def map(value, inMin, inMax, outMin, outMax):
return (outMax - outMin) * (value - inMin) / (inMax - inMin) + outMin
def setAngle(angle): # make the servo rotate to specific angle (0-180 degrees)
angle = max(0, min(180, angle))
pulse_width = map(angle, 0, 180, SERVO_MIN_PULSE, SERVO_MAX_PULSE)
pwm = map(pulse_width, 0, 20000, 0, 100)
p.ChangeDutyCycle(pwm)#map the angle to duty cycle and output it
def doorbell():
for i in range(1, len(song)): # Play song 1
Buzz.ChangeFrequency(song[i]) # Change the frequency along the song note
time.sleep(beat[i] * 0.25) # delay a note for beat * 0.25s
time.sleep(1) # Wait a second for next song.
def closedoor():
GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.LOW)
for i in range(180, -1, -1): #make servo rotate from 180 to 0 deg
setAngle(i)
time.sleep(0.001)
time.sleep(1)
def opendoor():
GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.HIGH)
for i in range(0, 181, 1): #make servo rotate from 0 to 180 deg
setAngle(i) # Write to servo
time.sleep(0.001)
time.sleep(1)
doorbell()
closedoor()
def loop():
while True:
if GPIO.input(pirPin)==GPIO.HIGH:
opendoor()
def destroy():
GPIO.cleanup() # Release resource
p.stop()
Buzz.stop()
if __name__ == '__main__': # Program start from here
setup()
try:
loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt: # When 'Ctrl+C' is pressed, the program destroy() will be executed.
destroy()
**Code Explanation**
.. code-block:: python
def setup():
global p
global Buzz # Assign a global variable to replace GPIO.PWM
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) # Numbers GPIOs by physical location
GPIO.setup(ledPin, GPIO.OUT) # Set ledPin's mode is output
GPIO.setup(pirPin, GPIO.IN) # Set sensorPin's mode is input
GPIO.setup(buzPin, GPIO.OUT) # Set pins' mode is output
Buzz = GPIO.PWM(buzPin, 440) # 440 is initial frequency.
Buzz.start(50) # Start Buzzer pin with 50% duty ration
GPIO.setup(servoPin, GPIO.OUT) # Set servoPin's mode is output
GPIO.output(servoPin, GPIO.LOW) # Set servoPin to low
p = GPIO.PWM(servoPin, 50) # set Frequece to 50Hz
p.start(0) # Duty Cycle = 0
These statements are used to initialize the pins of each component.
.. code-block:: python
def setAngle(angle): # make the servo rotate to specific angle (0-180 degrees)
angle = max(0, min(180, angle))
pulse_width = map(angle, 0, 180, SERVO_MIN_PULSE, SERVO_MAX_PULSE)
pwm = map(pulse_width, 0, 20000, 0, 100)
p.ChangeDutyCycle(pwm)#map the angle to duty cycle and output it
Create a function, servowrite to write the angle in the servo that is
0-180.
.. code-block:: python
def doorbell():
for i in range(1,len(song)): # Play song1
Buzz.ChangeFrequency(song[i]) # Change the frequency along the song note
time.sleep(beat[i] * 0.25) # delay a note for beat * 0.25s
Create a function, doorbell to enable the buzzer to play music.
.. code-block:: python
def closedoor():
GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.LOW)
Buzz.ChangeFrequency(1)
for i in range(180, -1, -1): #make servo rotate from 180 to 0 deg
setAngle(i)
time.sleep(0.001)
Close the door and turn off the indicator light.
.. code-block:: python
def opendoor():
GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.HIGH)
for i in range(0, 181, 1): #make servo rotate from 0 to 180 deg
setAngle(i) # Write to servo
time.sleep(0.001)
doorbell()
closedoor()
The function, ``opendoor()`` consists of several parts: turn on the
indicator light, turn the servo (to simulate the action of opening the
door), play the doorbell music of the convenience store, and call the
function , ``closedoor()`` after playing music.
.. code-block:: python
def loop():
while True:
if GPIO.input(pirPin)==GPIO.HIGH:
opendoor()
When PIR senses that someone is passing by, it calls the function,
``opendoor()`` .
Phenomenon Picture
--------------------
.. image:: ../img/image240.jpeg
:align: center