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.. _4.1.8_py_pi5:
4.1.5 Welcome
=====================================
Introduction
-------------
In this project, we will use PIR to sense the movement of pedestrians,
and use servos, LED, buzzer to simulate the work of the sensor door of
the convenience store. When the pedestrian appears within the sensing
range of the PIR, the indicator light will be on, the door will be
opened, and the buzzer will play the opening bell.
Required Components
------------------------------
In this project, we need the following components.
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/4.1.8_welcome_list.png
:width: 800
:align: center
It's definitely convenient to buy a whole kit, here's the link:
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Name
- ITEMS IN THIS KIT
- LINK
* - Raphael Kit
- 337
- |link_Raphael_kit|
You can also buy them separately from the links below.
.. list-table::
:widths: 30 20
:header-rows: 1
* - COMPONENT INTRODUCTION
- PURCHASE LINK
* - :ref:`cpn_gpio_extension_board`
- |link_gpio_board_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_breadboard`
- |link_breadboard_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_wires`
- |link_wires_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_resistor`
- |link_resistor_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_led`
- |link_led_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_pir`
- \-
* - :ref:`cpn_servo`
- |link_servo_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_buzzer`
- |link_passive_buzzer_buy|
* - :ref:`cpn_transistor`
- |link_transistor_buy|
Schematic Diagram
-------------------
============ ======== ======== ===
T-Board Name physical wiringPi BCM
GPIO18 Pin 12 1 18
GPIO17 Pin 11 0 17
GPIO27 Pin 13 2 27
GPIO22 Pin 15 3 22
============ ======== ======== ===
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/4.1.8_welcome_schematic.png
:align: center
Experimental Procedures
-------------------------
**Step 1:** Build the circuit.
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/4.1.8_welcome_circuit.png
:align: center
**Step 2:** Change directory.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
cd ~/raphael-kit/python-pi5
**Step 3:** Run.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block::
sudo python3 4.1.8_Welcome_zero.py
After the code runs, if the PIR sensor detects someone passing by, the
door will automatically open (simulated by the servo), turn on the
indicator and play the doorbell music. After the doorbell music plays,
the system will automatically close the door and turn off the indicator
light, waiting for the next time someone passes by.
There are two potentiometers on the PIR module: one is to adjust sensitivity and the other is to adjust the detection distance. To make the PIR module work better, you You need to turn both of them counterclockwise to the end.
.. image:: ../python_pi5/img/4.1.8_PIR_TTE.png
:width: 400
:align: center
.. warning::
If there is an error prompt ``RuntimeError: Cannot determine SOC peripheral base address``, please refer to :ref:`faq_soc`
**Code**
.. note::
You can **Modify/Reset/Copy/Run/Stop** the code below. But before that, you need to go to source code path like ``raphael-kit/python-pi5``. After modifying the code, you can run it directly to see the effect.
.. raw:: html
.. code-block:: python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import LED, MotionSensor, Servo, TonalBuzzer
import time
# GPIO pin setup for LED, motion sensor (PIR), and buzzer
ledPin = LED(6)
pirPin = MotionSensor(21)
buzPin = TonalBuzzer(27)
# Servo motor pulse width correction factor and calculation
myCorrection = 0.45
maxPW = (2.0 + myCorrection) / 1000 # Maximum pulse width
minPW = (1.0 - myCorrection) / 1000 # Minimum pulse width
# Initialize servo with custom pulse widths
servoPin = Servo(25, min_pulse_width=minPW, max_pulse_width=maxPW)
# Musical tune for buzzer, with notes and durations
tune = [('C#4', 0.2), ('D4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('Eb4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2), (None, 0.6),
('F#4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), (None, 0.6),
('Eb4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('F#4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('C4', 0.2), ('B4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('F#4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('B4', 0.2), ('Bb4', 0.5), (None, 0.6),
('A4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2),
('D4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2)]
def setAngle(angle):
"""
Move the servo to a specified angle.
:param angle: Angle in degrees (0-180).
"""
value = float(angle / 180) # Convert angle to servo value
servoPin.value = value # Set servo position
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for servo movement
def doorbell():
"""
Play a musical tune using the buzzer.
"""
for note, duration in tune:
buzPin.play(note) # Play the note
time.sleep(float(duration)) # Duration of the note
buzPin.stop() # Stop buzzer after playing the tune
def closedoor():
# Turn off LED and move servo to close door
ledPin.off()
for i in range(180, -1, -1):
setAngle(i) # Move servo from 180 to 0 degrees
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for smooth movement
time.sleep(1) # Wait after closing door
def opendoor():
# Turn on LED, open door (move servo), play tune, close door
ledPin.on()
for i in range(0, 181):
setAngle(i) # Move servo from 0 to 180 degrees
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for smooth movement
time.sleep(1) # Wait before playing the tune
doorbell() # Play the doorbell tune
closedoor() # Close the door after the tune
def loop():
# Main loop to check for motion and operate door
while True:
if pirPin.motion_detected:
opendoor() # Open door if motion detected
time.sleep(0.1) # Short delay in loop
try:
loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Clean up GPIO on user interrupt (e.g., Ctrl+C)
buzPin.stop()
ledPin.off()
**Code Explanation**
#. The script begins by importing necessary modules. The ``gpiozero`` library is used to interface with the LED, motion sensor, servo motor, and tonal buzzer. The ``time`` module is for handling timing-related functions.
.. code-block:: python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gpiozero import LED, MotionSensor, Servo, TonalBuzzer
import time
#. Initializes the LED, PIR motion sensor, and tonal buzzer on their respective GPIO pins.
.. code-block:: python
# GPIO pin setup for LED, motion sensor (PIR), and buzzer
ledPin = LED(6)
pirPin = MotionSensor(21)
buzPin = TonalBuzzer(27)
#. Calculates the maximum and minimum pulse widths for the servo motor, incorporating a correction factor for fine-tuning.
.. code-block:: python
# Servo motor pulse width correction factor and calculation
myCorrection = 0.45
maxPW = (2.0 + myCorrection) / 1000 # Maximum pulse width
minPW = (1.0 - myCorrection) / 1000 # Minimum pulse width
#. Initializes the servo motor on GPIO pin 25 with the custom pulse widths for accurate positioning.
.. code-block:: python
# Initialize servo with custom pulse widths
servoPin = Servo(25, min_pulse_width=minPW, max_pulse_width=maxPW)
#. The tune is defined as a sequence of notes (frequency) and durations (seconds).
.. code-block:: python
# Musical tune for buzzer, with notes and durations
tune = [('C#4', 0.2), ('D4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('Eb4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2), (None, 0.6),
('F#4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), (None, 0.6),
('Eb4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('F#4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('C4', 0.2), ('B4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('F#4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), (None, 0.2),
('B4', 0.2), ('Bb4', 0.5), (None, 0.6),
('A4', 0.2), ('G4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2),
('D4', 0.2), ('E4', 0.2)]
#. Function to move the servo to a specified angle. Converts the angle to a value between 0 and 1 for the servo.
.. code-block:: python
def setAngle(angle):
"""
Move the servo to a specified angle.
:param angle: Angle in degrees (0-180).
"""
value = float(angle / 180) # Convert angle to servo value
servoPin.value = value # Set servo position
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for servo movement
#. Function to play a musical tune using the buzzer. Iterates through the ``tune`` list, playing each note for its specified duration.
.. code-block:: python
def doorbell():
"""
Play a musical tune using the buzzer.
"""
for note, duration in tune:
buzPin.play(note) # Play the note
time.sleep(float(duration)) # Duration of the note
buzPin.stop() # Stop buzzer after playing the tune
#. Functions to open and close the door using the servo motor. The ``opendoor`` function turns on the LED, opens the door, plays the tune, and then closes the door.
.. code-block:: python
def closedoor():
# Turn off LED and move servo to close door
ledPin.off()
for i in range(180, -1, -1):
setAngle(i) # Move servo from 180 to 0 degrees
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for smooth movement
time.sleep(1) # Wait after closing door
def opendoor():
# Turn on LED, open door (move servo), play tune, close door
ledPin.on()
for i in range(0, 181):
setAngle(i) # Move servo from 0 to 180 degrees
time.sleep(0.001) # Short delay for smooth movement
time.sleep(1) # Wait before playing the tune
doorbell() # Play the doorbell tune
closedoor() # Close the door after the tune
#. Main loop that constantly checks for motion detection. When motion is detected, it triggers the ``opendoor`` function.
.. code-block:: python
def loop():
# Main loop to check for motion and operate door
while True:
if pirPin.motion_detected:
opendoor() # Open door if motion detected
time.sleep(0.1) # Short delay in loop
#. Executes the main loop and ensures that the script can be stopped with a keyboard command (Ctrl+C), turning off the buzzer and LED for a clean exit.
.. code-block:: python
try:
loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Clean up GPIO on user interrupt (e.g., Ctrl+C)
buzPin.stop()
ledPin.off()